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SS ''Lurline'' was the third Matson Lines vessel to hold that name and the last of four fast and luxurious ocean liners that Matson built for the Hawaii and Australasia runs from the West Coast of the United States. ''Lurline''s sister ships were , and . ''Lurline'' served as a troopship in World War II operated by War Shipping Administration agents serving Army troop transport requirements. Rechristened in 1963 by Chandris Lines as the (Royal Hellenic Mail Ship) RHMS ''Ellinis'', the ship became one of the most important luxury cruise ships on the Australian and New Zealand services. She operated in Australasia and Oceania until 1980. == ''Lurline'' of the Matson Line == William Matson had first come to appreciate the name in the 1870s while serving as skipper aboard the Claus Spreckels family yacht ''Lurline'' (a poetic variation of Lorelei, the Rhine river siren)〔(Kendall, Henry. The Poems of Henry Kendall: ''Lurline'' )〕 out of San Francisco Bay. Matson met his future wife, Lillie Low, on a yacht voyage he captained to Hawaii; the couple named their daughter Lurline Berenice Matson. Spreckels sold a 150-foot brigantine named ''Lurline'' to Matson so that Matson could replace his smaller schooner ''Emma Claudina'' and double the shipping operation which involved hauling supplies and a few passengers to Hawaii and returning with cargos of Spreckels sugar. Matson added other vessels to his nascent fleet and the brigantine was sold to another company in 1896. Matson built a steamship named ''Lurline'' in 1908;〔(Matson.com fleet history. Birth of a Ship: From Sail to Steam. )〕 one which carried mainly freight yet could hold 51 passengers along with 65 crew. This steamer served Matson for twenty years, including a stint with United States Shipping Board during World War I. Matson died in 1917; his company continued under a board of directors. Lurline Matson married William P. Roth in 1914; in 1927 Roth became president of Matson Lines. That same year saw the (Hawaiian for "flying fish") enter service inaugurating a higher class of tourist travel to Hawaii. In 1928, Roth sold the old steamship ''Lurline'' to the Alaska Packers' Association. That ship served various duties including immigration and freight under the Yugoslavian flag (renamed ''Radnik'') and was finally broken up in 1953. In 1932, the last of four smart liners designed by William Francis Gibbs and built for the Matson Lines' Pacific services was launched: the SS ''Lurline'' christened on 12 July 1932 in Quincy, Massachusetts by Lurline Matson Roth (who had also christened her father's 1908 steamship ''Lurline'' as a young woman of 18). On 12 January 1933, the SS ''Lurline'' left New York City bound for San Francisco via the Panama Canal on her maiden voyage, thence to Sydney and the South Seas, returning to San Francisco on 24 April 1933. She then served on the express San Francisco to Honolulu service with her older sister with whom she shared appearance, the ''Malolo''. Famous aviator Amelia Earhart rode ''Lurline'' from Los Angeles to Honolulu with her Lockheed Vega airplane secured on deck during December 22–27, 1934. The voyage prepared her for the record-breaking Honolulu-to-Oakland solo flight she made in January 1935. ''Lurline'' was half-way from Honolulu to San Francisco on 7 December 1941, when the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor. She made her destination safely, travelling at maximum speed, and soon returned to Hawaii with her Matson sisters ''Mariposa'' and ''Monterey'' in a convoy laden with troops and supplies. She spent the war providing similar services, often voyaging to Australia, and once transported Australian Prime Minister John Curtin to America to confer with President Roosevelt. Wartime events put the ''Lurline'' at risk. Royal Australian Air Force trainee pilot Arthur Harrison had been put on watch without adequate training. "A straight line of bubbles extending from away out on the starboard side of the ship to across the bow. I had never seen anything quite like it, but it reminded me of bubbles behind a motorboat. I called to the lad on watch on the next gun forward. A few seconds later the ship went into a hard 90 degree turn to port. We RAAF trainees received a severe reprimand from the captain for not reporting the torpedo. Anyway, it was a bad miss." ''Lurline'' was returned to Matson Lines in mid-1946 and extensively refitted at Bethlehem-Alameda Shipyard in Alameda, California in 1947 at the then huge cost of $US 20 million. She resumed her San Francisco to Honolulu service from 15 April 1948 and regained her pre-war status as the Pacific Ocean's top liner. Her high occupancy rates during the early 1950s caused Matson to also refit her sister ship SS ''Monterey'' (renaming her SS ''Matsonia'') and the two liners provided a first class-only service between Hawaii and the American mainland from June 1957 to September 1962, mixed with the occasional Pacific cruise. Serious competition from jet airliners caused passenger loads to fall in the early 1960s and ''Matsonia'' was laid up in late 1962. Only a few months later, the ''Lurline'' arrived in Los Angeles with serious engine trouble in her port turbine and was laid up with the required repairs considered too expensive. Matson instead brought the ''Matsonia'' out of retirement and, characteristically, changed her name to ''Lurline''. The original ''Lurline'' was sold to Chandris Lines in 1963. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「SS Lurline (1932)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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